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An advance directive
tells your doctor what kind of care you would like to have if
you become unable to make medical decisions. The law now says
that at the time you are admitted to the hospital, the
hospital staff must tell you about advance directives.
Advance directives can take
many forms. Laws about advance directives vary from state to
state. You should be aware of the guidelines of your state
laws regarding the scope and technical requirements that apply
to advance directives.
A good advance directive
describes the kind of treatment you would want to receive for
different levels of illness. For example, the directives would
describe what kind of care you would want if you have a
critical illness, a terminal illness or permanent
unconsciousness. Advance directives usually tell your doctor
that you don't want certain kinds of treatment when you are
this ill. However, they can also say that you want a certain
treatment, no matter how ill you are.
Living Wills
Living wills are one type of advance directive. They only come
into effect when you are terminally ill. Being terminally ill
generally means that you have less than six months to live. In
a living will, you can describe the kind of treatment you want
in a certain situations. A living will doesn't let you select
someone to make decisions for you.
Durable Power of Attorney
for Health Care
A durable power of attorney (DPA) for health care is like a
living will, but it becomes active any time you are
unconscious or unable to make medical decisions. In a DPA, you
select a family member or friend who will be your medical
decision-maker if you become unconscious or unable to make
medical decisions. A DPA is generally more useful than a
living will. If you don't have another person you trust to
make these decisions for you, the DPA may not be right for
you.
Living wills and DPAs are
legal in most states. Even if they aren't officially
recognized by the law in your state, they can still guide your
loved ones and doctor if you are unable to make decisions
about your medical care. Ask your doctor, lawyer or state
representative about the law in your state.
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
Unless given other instructions, hospital staff will try to
help all patients whose hearts have stopped or who have
stopped breathing. You can indicate with an advance directive
form or by talking with your doctor that you don't want to
have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if your heart stops
or if you stop breathing. In this case, a do-not-resuscitate (DNR)
order is put in your medical chart by your doctor. DNR orders
are accepted by doctors and hospitals in all states.
Most patients who die in a
hospital have had a DNR order written for them before they
die. Patients who are not likely to benefit from CPR include
people who have cancer that has spread, people whose kidneys
don't work well, people who need a lot of help with daily
activities, or people who have severe infections such as
pneumonia that require hospitalization. If you already have
one or more of these conditions, you should discuss your
wishes about CPR with you doctor, either in the office or when
you go to the hospital. It's best to do this early, before you
are very sick and are considered unable to make your own
decisions.
Should I have an advance
directive?
Most advance directives are written by older or seriously ill
patients. For example, a patient with terminal cancer might
write that she does not want to be put on an artificial
respirator if she stops breathing. This action can reduce her
suffering, increase her peace of mind and increase her control
of her death. You might want to consider writing an advance
directive even if you are still in good health. An accident or
serious illness can happen suddenly, and if you already have a
signed advance directive, your wishes are more likely to be
followed.
How can I write an
advance directive?
You can write an advance directive in several
ways: |